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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2658-6649</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2658-6657</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Science and Innovation Center Publishing House</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12731/2658-6649-2025-17-5-1285</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">HISSOQ</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://discover-journal.ru/jour/index.php/sjlsa/article/view/1285</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Железистые трихомы, их разнообразие, количество и антибактериальная активность эфирного масла у некоторых представителей семейства Lamiaceae</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Glandular trichomes, their diversity, quantity and antibacterial activity of essential oil in some representatives of the Lamiaceae family</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Алшиха</surname>
            <given-names>Абдуллатиф</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Алшиха</surname>
              <given-names>Абдуллатиф</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Alshikha</surname>
              <given-names>Abdullatif</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>abdallatif.sh91@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-6513-2314</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">58303931200</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">MBV-6823-2025</contrib-id>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Прохоренко</surname>
            <given-names>Нина Борисовна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Прохоренко</surname>
              <given-names>Нина Борисовна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Prokhorenko</surname>
              <given-names>Nina B.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>nbprokhorenko@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0661-8461</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56539778800</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">V-9530-2017</contrib-id>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Демина</surname>
            <given-names>Галина Владимировна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Демина</surname>
              <given-names>Галина Владимировна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Demina</surname>
              <given-names>Galina V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>deminagv@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5836-5614</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56736981000</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">W-1570-2018</contrib-id>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Сальников</surname>
            <given-names>Вадим Владимирович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Сальников</surname>
              <given-names>Вадим Владимирович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Salnikov</surname>
              <given-names>Vadim V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>vadim.salnikov.56@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2367-672X</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6602504414</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">A-9563-2018</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Немтарев</surname>
            <given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Немтарев</surname>
              <given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Nemtarev</surname>
              <given-names>Andrey V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>a.nemtarev@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8478-2705</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">12797058700</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">E-5303-2017</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Каюмов</surname>
            <given-names>Айрат Рашитович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Каюмов</surname>
              <given-names>Айрат Рашитович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kayumov</surname>
              <given-names>Airat R.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>kairatr@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7195-1557</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">9133278400</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">M-6725-2013</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Тимофеева</surname>
            <given-names>Ольга Арнольдовна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Тимофеева</surname>
              <given-names>Ольга Арнольдовна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Timofeeva</surname>
              <given-names>Olga A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>otimofeeva2008@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4921-458X</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57197942213</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">M-3506-2016</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет (Казань, Российская Федерация)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (Kazan, Russian Federation)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский институт биохимии и биофизики КазНЦ РАН (Казань, Российская Федерация)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kazan, Russian Federation)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-30">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>17</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>135</fpage>
      <lpage>165</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-28">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-20">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2025-04-14">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">А. Алшиха, Н.Б. Прохоренко, Г.В. Демина, В.В. Сальников, А.В. Немтарев, А.Р. Каюмов, О.А. Тимофеева</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">A. Alshikha, N.B. Prokhorenko, G.V. Demina, V.V. Salnikov, A.V. Nemtarev, A.R. Kayumov, O.A. Timofeeva</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://discover-journal.ru/jour/index.php/sjlsa/article/view/1285">https://discover-journal.ru/jour/index.php/sjlsa/article/view/1285</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Обоснование. Во флоре Татарстана насчитывается 55 видов травянистых растений из семейства Lamiaceae, из которых только пять рекомендованы к применению в официальной медицине, а остальные считаются перспективными для введения их в разряд фармакопейных. Нефармакопейные виды таких родов как Betonica, Salvia, Stachys, Clinopodium, Lamium в составе растительного покрова региона распространены спорадически, некоторые выступают доминантами и содоминантами растительных сообществ, что делает их доступными для сбора и заготовки. Для них отсутствуют данные о разнообразии и распределении железистых трихом в составе надземных органов растений, а также количественном содержании эфирного масла. В последние годы возрос интерес к биологической активности эфирных масел, что позволяет предположить их потенциальное использование в качестве естественной альтернативы синтетическим антибиотикам в различных областях применения, включая консервирование пищевых продуктов и фармацевтические препараты. 
 
Цель исследования – дать оценку разнообразию, микроморфологии и функционированию железистых трихом у Clinopodium vulgare, Lamium maculatum, Salvia verticillate L., S. tesquicola Klok. &amp; Pobed., Betonica officinalis L. и Stachys sylvatica (Lamiaceae) для оценки их ресурсной значимости в условиях естественного произрастания на территории Республики Татарстан. 
 
Материалы и методы. Объектами исследований были выбраны летнезеленые длиннокорневищные многолетние травы, входящие в состав неморальных лесов (Stachys sylvatica, Lamium maculatum), луговых и лугово-степных фитоценозов (Salvia verticillate, S. tesquicola, Betonica officinalis) и экотонов опушки (Clinopodium vulgare). Растения для микроскопических и биохимических исследований были собраны на юго-западе Республики Татарстан в период их полного цветения в течение вегетационных периодов 2022-2023 гг. Микроскопические исследования проводились с использованием оптической микроскопии, сканирующей и трансмиссионной микроскопии. Эфирное масло выделяли методом гидродистилляции в течение 3 часов, а затем изучали биологическую активность выделенных масел путем определения минимальной подавляющей концентрации (МПК) как рекомендовано EUCAST. 
 
Результаты. В эпидерме стеблей, листьев и чашелистиков исследованных видов было обнаружено 5 типов железистых трихом. Наибольшее их типологическое разнообразие (4 типа) выявлено у Salvia tesquicola и S. verticillate. Нами впервые в эпидерме различных органов Clinopodium vulgare описаны короткие с одноклеточной эллипсоидной головкой (c1a тип) и длинные с 6 клеточной головкой (c3 тип) трихомы, в эпидерме стеблей Stachys sylvatica и Betonica officinalis – короткие с головкой из трех-четырех секретирующих клеток (c1b тип), длинные с 1-4 клеточной головкой (c2 тип) и длинные c3 типа трихомы, кроме того, в эпидерме стеблей, листьев и чашелистиков Lamium maculatum – пельтатные железки (р). Установлена локализация и плотность железистых трихом различного типа в составе определенных органов растений. Выявлено, что для Clinopodium vulgare характерна высокая встречаемость трихом c1a, для Salvia verticillate и S. tesquicola – трихом с2, Stachys sylvatica – трихом с3 типа. 
 
Наибольшая продукция эфирного масла (0,38-0,37 %) из надземных органов растений отмечается у Salvia verticillata и Clinopodium vulgare, низкая его продуктивность (0.13-0,15 %) – у Stachys sylvatica и Salvia tesquicola. Эфирное масло, выделенное из Clinopodium vulgare, обладает наилучшей антибактериальной активностью в отношении грамположительных и грамотрицательных бактерий в минимальных подавляющих концентрациях 0,25 и 0,125 % соответственно, а также из Stachys sylvatica в концентрациях 0,25 и 0,5 % соответственно. 
 
Заключение. Изучение микроморфологии и ультраструктуры железистых трихом у 5 видов растений из семейства Lamiaceae, произрастающих в естественных фитоценозах на территории Республики Татарстан, позволило расширить существующие данные о трихомах этих видов, что имеет большое значение для систематики и идентификации этих таксонов, а также определения региональных особенностей функционирования экскреторных структур. 
 
Наибольшая продукция эфирного масла, полученного из надземных органов растений методом гидродистилляци, характерна для Salvia verticillata и Clinopodium vulgare, низкая его продуктивность – для Stachys sylvatica и Salvia tesquicola. Эфирное масло, выделенное из Clinopodium vulgare, обладает наилучшей антибактериальной активностью в отношении грамположительных и грамотрицательных бактерий в минимальных подавляющих концентрациях. 
 
Следовательно, растительное сырье Salvia verticillata и Clinopodium vulgare можно рекомендовать для прикладного использования в связи с высокими количественными значениями и качественной характеристикой эфирного масла, продуцированного в железистых трихомах эпидермы надземных органов.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Background. The flora of Tatarstan includes 55 species of herbaceous plants from the Lamiaceae family, of which only five are recommended for use in official medicine, while the rest are considered promising for inclusion in the pharmacopeial category. Non-pharmacopeial species of such genera as Betonica, Salvia, Stachys, Clinopodium, Lamium are distributed sporadically in the vegetation cover of the region, some are dominant and codominant in plant communities, which makes them available for collection and harvesting. There is no data on the diversity and distribution of glandular trichomes in the aerial organs of plants, as well as the quantitative content of essential oil. In recent years, interest in the biological activity of essential oils has increased, which suggests their potential use as a natural alternative to synthetic antibiotics in various fields of application, including food preservation and pharmaceuticals. 
 
Purpose – to assess the diversity, micromorphology and functioning of glandular trichomes in Betonica officinalis L., Clinopodium vulgare L., Lamium maculatum L., Salvia verticillate L., S. tesquicola Klok. &amp; Pobed., and Stachys sylvatica L. (Lamiaceae) to evaluate their resource significance under natural growth conditions in the Republic of Tatarstan. 
 
Materials and methods. The objects of the study were summer-green long-rhizome perennial herbs that are part of nemoral forests (Stachys sylvatica, Lamium maculatum), meadow and meadow-steppe phytocenoses (Salvia verticillate, S. tesquicola, Betonica officinalis) and forest edge ecotones (Clinopodium vulgare). Plants for microscopic and biochemical studies were collected in the southwest of the Republic of Tatarstan during their full flowering stage during the vegetation periods of 2022-2023. Microscopic studies were carried out using optical microscopy, scanning and transmission microscopy. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation for 3 hours, and its biological activity was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) following the EUCAST recommendations. 
 
Results. Five types of glandular trichomes were found in the epidermis of stems, leaves and sepals of the studied species. Their greatest typological diversity (4 types) was found in Salvia tesquicola and S. verticillate. We have described for the first time, short trichomes with a single-celled ellipsoid head (c1a type) and long trichomes with a 6-cell head (c3 type) in the epidermis of various organs of Clinopodium vulgare, in the epidermis of the stems of Stachys sylvatica and Betonica officinalis we identified short trichomes with a head of three to four secreting cells (c1b type), long trichomes with a 1-4-cell head (c2 type) and long c3 type trichomes, in addition, in epidermis of the aerial organs of Lamium maculatum – peltate trichomes (p). The localization and density of glandular trichomes of various types in the composition of certain plant organs has been established. It was revealed that Clinopodium vulgare is characterized by a high frequency of c1a trichomes, Salvia verticillate and S. tesquicola – c2 trichomes, Stachys sylvatica – c3 type trichomes. 
 
The highest yield of essential oil (0.38-0.37%) from the aerial organs of plants was observed in Salvia verticillata and Clinopodium vulgare, while the lowest yield (0.13-0.15%) was recoeded in Stachys sylvatica and Salvia tesquicola. The essential oil extracted from Clinopodium vulgare has the best antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.25 and 0.125%, respectively. The essential oil extracted from Stachys sylvatica also demonstrated antibacterial activity at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5%, respectively. 
 
Conclusion. The study of the micromorphology and ultrastructure of glandular trichomes in 5 plant species from the Lamiaceae family growing in natural phytocenoses in the Republic of Tatarstan has allowed us to expand the existing data on the trichomes of these species, which is of great importance for the systematics and identification of these taxa, as well as for determining regional features of the functioning of excretory structures. 
 
The highest production of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial organs of plants was characteristic of Salvia verticillata and Clinopodium vulgare, while the lowest productivity was characteristic of Stachys sylvatica and Salvia tesquicola. Essential oil extracted from Clinopodium vulgare has the best antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in minimal inhibitory concentrations. Therefore, the raw materials of Salvia verticillata and Clinopodium vulgare can be recommended for applied use due to the high quantitative values and qualitative characteristics of the essential oil produced in the glandular trichomes of the epidermis of aerial organs.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>антибактериальная активность</kwd>
        <kwd>головчатые трихомы</kwd>
        <kwd>железистые трихомы</kwd>
        <kwd>микроморфология</kwd>
        <kwd>пельтатные трихомы</kwd>
        <kwd>цитология</kwd>
        <kwd>эфирное масло</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>antibacterial activity</kwd>
        <kwd>capitate trichomes</kwd>
        <kwd>glandular trichomes</kwd>
        <kwd>micromorphology</kwd>
        <kwd>peltate trichomes</kwd>
        <kwd>cytology</kwd>
        <kwd>essential oil</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств Программы стратегического академического лидерства Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета (ПРИОРИТЕТ-2030).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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