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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6649</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6657</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Science and Innovation Center Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">442981</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12731/2658-6649-2026-18-1-1383</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NXYCCE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Public Health and Preventive Medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Здравоохранение и профилактическая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphometric analysis of coronary artery bifurcations in normal human hearts based on X-ray examination in individuals of different sexes in the second period of mature and elderly age</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфометрический анализ бифуркаций венечных артерий сердца человека в норме по данным рентгенологического обследования лиц разного пола, второго периода зрелого и пожилого возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0753-7586</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57299237600</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2999-1326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриев</surname><given-names>Андрей Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitriev</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Россия</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, заведующий отделением рентгенэндоваскулярной хирургии</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (Medicine), Head of the Department of Endovascular Surgery</p> <p> </p></bio><email>info@iursdn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1380-8767</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9391-0899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергиенко</surname><given-names>Анна Альбертовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergienko</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Россия</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры «Анатомия человека»</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate</p> <p> </p></bio><email>anya.gurieva00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-3255</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57299786900</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AFO-0934-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9363-6873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милтых</surname><given-names>Илья Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Miltykh</surname><given-names>Ilia S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IT">Италия</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> магистрант</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate student</p> <p> </p></bio><email>contact@miltykh.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-1989</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57198085128</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">O-7965-2015</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3159-1346</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зенин</surname><given-names>Олег Константинович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zenin</surname><given-names>Oleg K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Россия</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры «Анатомия человека»</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (Medicine), Professor of Human anatomy</p> <p> </p></bio><email>zen.olegz@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Институт неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В.К. Гусака»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.K. Gusak Institute of Emergency and Reconstructive Surgery</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Пензенский государственный университет»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Penza State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Палермо (Università degli Studi di Palermo)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Palermo</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>315</fpage><lpage>333</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-31"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Dmitriev A.V., Sergienko A.A., Miltykh I.S., Zenin O.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Дмитриев А.В., Сергиенко А.А., Милтых И.С., Зенин О.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dmitriev A.V., Sergienko A.A., Miltykh I.S., Zenin O.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дмитриев А.В., Сергиенко А.А., Милтых И.С., Зенин О.К.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/2658-6649/article/view/442981">https://journals.rcsi.science/2658-6649/article/view/442981</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The ratio of the inner diameters of arterial segments (AS) constituting arterial bifurcations (AB) of the human coronary arteries (HCA) is used to classify AB lesions and develop a standard protocol for surgical interventi<ext-link/>on to eliminate AS lumen narrowing. However, the question of the quantitative norm of the HCA AB structure remains open.</p> <p>Purpose. To establish morphometric patterns of the ratios of the inner diameters of AS constituting AB in the norm by retrospective analysis of HCA radiographs in individuals of different sexes, the second period of mature and elderly age.</p> <p>Materials and methods. A retrospective morphometric analysis of HCA radiographs (individuals of the 2nd period of mature age - 48. and elderly age - 14; males - 31 and females - 31; left coronary artery - 62 and right coronary artery 60) without visible stenotic lesions was performed. HCA was considered as a system consisting of AB, which includes a proximal AS (D) and two distal AS (dmax and dmin). The following were calculated: γ, the asymmetry coefficient of daughter branches: γ=(dmin/dmax)2; η, branching coefficient: η=(dmax2+dmin2)/D2. The statistical package R (version 4.1) was used for analysis.</p> <p>Results. It was found that: the values of the inner diameter D and dmax of AS constituting AB included in the HCA of males are significantly larger than those of females; the values of D, dmax and dmin of AS constituting AB included in the HCA of individuals of the 2nd period of mature age are significantly larger than those of elderly individuals; the values of D, dmax, dmin, γ and η are noticeably larger in the AS of the left coronary artery than in the right; AB included in the left coronary artery of the heart are more “symmetrical” than those constituting the right coronary artery.</p> <p>Conclusion. The obtained data indicates the need for further morphometric studies of HCA, revision of Murray C.D.’s law, and development of a universal unifying theory of the structure and functioning of AB.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. Соотношение внутренних диаметров артериальных сегментов (АС) составляющих артериальные бифуркации (АБ) венечных артерий сердца человека (ВАСЧ) используют для классификации <ext-link/><ext-link/>поражений АБ и разработки стандартного протокола оперативного вмешательства по устранению сужений просвета АС. Однако, вопрос количественной нормы строения АБ ВАСЧ остается открытым.</p> <p>Цель. Установить морфометрические закономерности соотношений внутренних диаметров АС составляющих АБ в норме путем ретроспективного анализа рентгенограмм ВАСЧ лиц разного пола, второго периода зрелого и пожилого возраста.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный морфометрический анализ рентгенограммах ВАСЧ (лиц 2-го периода зрелого возраста – 48 шт. и пожилого возраста – 14 шт.; лиц мужского пола – 31 шт. и женского – 31 шт.; левой венечной артерии – 62 шт. и правой венечной артерии 60 шт) без видимых стенотических поражений. ВАСЧ рассматривали как систему, состоящую из АБ, в состав которой входят проксимальный АС (D) и два дистальных АС (dmax и dmin). Рассчитывали: g, коэффициент асимметрии дочерних ветвей: g=(dmin/dmax)2; h, коэффициент ветвления: h=(dmax2+dmin2)/D2. Для анализа использовали статистический пакет R (версия 4.1).</p> <p>Результаты. Установлено: величины внутреннего диаметра D и dmax АС составляющих АБ входящих в состав ВАСЧ лиц мужского пола значимо больше, чем у лиц женского пола; величины D, dmax и dmin АС составляющих АБ входящих в состав ВАСЧ лиц 2-го периода зрелого возраста значимо больше, чем у лиц пожилого возраста; значения D, dmax, dmin, g и h заметно больше у АС левой венечной артерии, чем правой; АБ входящие в состав левой венечной артерии сердца более «симметричны», чем составляющие правую венечную артерию.</p> <p>Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о необходимости дальнейших морфометрических исследований ВАСЧ, ревизии закона Murray C.D. и разработки универсальной объединяющей теории строения и функционирования АБ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>венечные артерии сердца</kwd><kwd>рентгенограммы</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>бифуркации</kwd><kwd>закон Murray C.D.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coronary arteries of the heart</kwd><kwd>radiographs</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>bifurcations</kwd><kwd>Murray C.D. law</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goryacheva, I. A. (2012). Variant anatomy of the coronary arteries and their main branches in adults [Abstract of a dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences]. Saint Petersburg. 22 p. 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