Задержка роста плода у коров ассоциирована с внутриутробным дисэлементозом
Аннотация
Задержка роста плода (ЗРП) у коров широко распространена в высокопродуктивных молочных стадах и представляет серьезную проблему для животноводства. Одним из факторов, предрасполагающих к ЗРП, является дефицит эссенциальных микроэлементов и нарушения транспортной функции плаценты у беременных. В настоящей работе проведен сравнительный анализ содержания 12 микроэлементов и их соотношения в волосах у новорожденных телят с ЗРП в анамнезе (Группа I, n = 18) и особей с физиологическим течением беременности у их матерей (Группа II, n = 24). ЗРП диагностировали по результатам ультразвукового исследования матерей на 38-45, 60-65 и 110-115 дни гестации с помощью сканера «Easi-Scan-3» с линейным датчиком 4,5-8,5 МГц (BCF Technology Ltd., Великобритания) по ранее разработанному и опубликованному протоколу. Образцы волос у телят получали из кисти хвоста непосредственно перед 1-м кормлением молозивом. Методом масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (Nexion 300D, Perkin Elmer, США) в образцах волос исследовали содержание мышьяка, кадмия, кобальта, меди, железа, ртути, марганца, молибдена, никеля, свинца, селена и цинка. Для оценки внутриутробного дисэлементоза по измеренному содержанию микроэлементов в волосах рассчитывали их соотношения: мышьяк/селен, ртуть/селен, свинец/селен, свинец/цинк, кадмий/селен, никель/цинк и железо/медь. У телят Группы I установлено повышенное содержание в волосах кадмия (на 66,7%, Р < 0,05) и ртути (в 15,0 раз, Р < 0,05) и пониженное – меди (на 30,7%, Р < 0,05), селена (на 28,8%, Р < 0,05) и цинка (на 26,4%, Р < 0,05) по сравнению с животными Группы II. Содержание в крови других исследованных микроэлементов в волосах достоверно не различалось между группами. Результаты исследования показывают, что развитие плода у ЗРП-коров в последнем триместре беременности происходит в условиях дисбаланса эссенциальных и токсичных микроэлементов. Так, соотношение ртуть/селен в волосах у телят Группы I по сравнению с новорожденными Группы II было повышено в 45,3 раза (Р < 0,05), свинец/селен – в 2,81 раза (Р < 0,05), кадмий/селен – в 6,63 раза (Р < 0,05), никель/цинк – в 2,91 раза (Р < 0,05), железо/медь – в 2,64 раза (Р < 0,05). Анализируются возможные причины и механизмы, лежащие в основе этих нарушений.
EDN: GIKGAX
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Литература
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