Comparative assessment of the impact of pollution, drought and acidification of the soil on its indicative characteristics
Abstract
Background. Toxicity and biological indicators of soil condition can change not only as a result of pollution, but also under the action of unfavorable environmental factors.
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of chemical pollution, short-term drought and acidification on the toxicological and bioindication characteristics of sod-podzolic soil.
Research methods. The object of the study was samples of sod-podzolic soil, which experienced the independent action of three factors: cadmium pollution (6.4±0.5 mg/kg), average acidity level (pH 4.8), lack of moisture (25 days). During bioassay, Paramecium caudatum cultures and a preparation based on Escherichia coli were used, during bioindication, catalase and urease activity, the number of the main ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms in the soil were used.
Results. Bioassay of water extracts from the soil showed that in 30 min test reactions, the toxicity indices increase only in samples with a medium acid reaction of the medium. E. coli in 180 minutes showed sensitivity to soil samples that had experienced drought and cadmium pollution, P. caudatum – only to drought. The level of catalase activity of the soil under all influences was comparable to the control (soil without exposure); urease activity significantly decreased only in soil with a medium acidic reaction of the medium. The number of native ammonifiers in the soil decreased with all types of exposure; oligotrophes and oligocarbophiles gained an advantage (relative to control).
Conclusion. Thus, natural environmental factors can change the parameters of the ecological state of the soil in the same way as anthropogenic factors.
EDN: DSYDJQ
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