Monitoring of genetic polymorphism of DNA markers of dairy cattle productivity
Abstract
Background. Traditional dairy cattle improvement systems require significant resources and are not highly efficient. Selection based on DNA markers makes it possible to optimally form herds. Monitoring of genetic polymorphism of genes associated with improved qualities of dairy cattle is the basis for correction of breeding programs.
Purpose. To study the genotypic features of dairy cattle populations in the Omsk region.
Materials and methods. The object of the study is the genotypes of cows of the red steppe and black-mottled breeds. Monitoring of gene polymorphism was carried out on the basis of genetic passports of cows from 2020 to 2024. The number of genotypes of cows in the monitoring is 356 heads. Genotyping was carried out in the laboratories of KSITEST, Moscow and in the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution "GAU Northern Trans-Urals", Tyumen. SNPs have been determined by the CSN2, LGB, and GH genes.
Results. The A1 allele, the CSN2 gene, has the highest proportion in the population, from 40% in the red steppe breed and up to 45% in the black-mottled one. The lowest frequency of occurrence in the black-and–white breed in the F allele is 0.71%. The proportion of CSN2A2A2 homozygotes in the red steppe breed is 23.33%, which is higher than in the black-mottled breed by 6.18%. The frequency of occurrence of the allele A of the LGB gene in black-and-white cows was 62.14% and 51.67% in the red steppe breed. From 2022 to 2024, the frequency of the desired allele of the CSN2 gene decreased by 0.06 – 0.07. The frequency of the desired allele of GH and LGB increased in 2024 in two populations. The genetic basis of the population has practically not changed over the period 2022-2024, which indicates the absence of breeding pressure, taking into account DNA markers.
Conclusion. Dairy cattle populations in the Omsk region are characterized by high genetic diversity in terms of genes-markers of dairy productivity, and regular monitoring of the genetic structure of breeds will optimize the breeding process.
EDN: SJLFAJ
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References
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