MONITORING OF ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS INFLUENCE ON FOREST BIOGEOCENOSIS IN THE SOUTH COAST OF LAKE BAIKAL
Abstract
Purpose is to investigate the current state of forest biogeocenoses in the recreational zones of the southern coast of Lake Baikal in terms of a set of parameters forest stands and soil cover, to identify areas where urgent measures are needed to reduce the recreational load.
Materials and methods. Test plots (TP) were laid to examine the state of forest biogeocenoses in the recreational zones characterized by high tourist flows, using domestic and international methods. The changes in the morphostructural parameters of Scots pine trees (indicator species) were determined, in the samples of needles – the content of biogenic elements, protein nitrogen, photosynthetic pigments, and some pollutants. To study the state of the soil on the TP, cuts were laid down to the depth of the underlying rock. The morphological and physical-chemical parameters of the upper soil horizons, the level of exchangeable cations in the soil absorbing complex (SAC), and the content of mobile forms a number of heavy metals were determined.
Results. The study of the main components of forest biogeocenoses showed that the pressure of recreation is the main factor initiating the degradation process of soil and tree-stands. The systemic nature of this process is due to biogeochemical changes caused by a violation in the soil physical-chemical characteristics, which leads to an imbalance biogenic elements in the SAC and a deterioration in the soil nutrient regime. Respectively, an elements imbalance in the assimilation organs of trees is manifested and, as a consequence, there is inhibition of their growth parameters.
Application of results. The data obtained serve as an information base for regional environmental authorities in the development of measures aimed at optimizing the recreational load.
Conclusion. It is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the forests surrounding Lake Baikal and are of great importance in the formation of water flow into the lake.
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