Determination of ileal digestibility of Hermetia illucens larvae meal, fish meal and standard low‑protein ration
Abstract
Background. Intensive development of livestock requires sufficient quantities of efficient, balanced feed. The ideal protein component of fodder is fish meal, but the cost of quality fish meal and its production volumes are insufficient. Mass production of insectoprotein based on Hermetia illucens larvae is the most promising for covering the protein deficit and creating sustainability of the feed supply system.
Purpose. The aim of the study was to investigate the indices of apparent and true ileal digestibility and digestibility of the black lion grub (lat. Hermetia illucens) in comparative aspect with fish meal on piglets during the period of growing up.
Materials and methods. From an array of crossbred hogs (♂ Duroc x ♀ Landrace) 10 live weight 27-35 kg at the age of 97-105 days were selected during the growing-up period. For the physiological experiment three groups of piglets were formed with three heads in each group, according to the principle of pair-analogs. The animals of the control group were fed with low protein feed, the 1st experimental group was fed with similar feed with addition of 3% meal from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), in the 2nd experimental group piglets received standard low protein feed with addition of 3% fish meal. As part of the physiological experiment, the digestibility and digestibility of experimental diets were evaluated on operated piglets (implantation of a T-shaped cannula into the ileum).
Results. In establishing the parameters of apparent ileal digestibility (AID), data were obtained that the digestibility of crude protein in the control group was within 74.8% and of essential amino acids from 71.6 to 89.3%, respectively. When meal from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) was introduced, the digestibility of crude protein increased to 78.1%, which is 4.7% higher than in the standard diet, and there was also an increase in the digestibility of most amino acids: aspartate - 93.3%; glutamine - 87.8; histidine - 92.1; serine - 87.4; arginine - 93.4; glycine - 90.5; threonine - 89.1; alanine - 92.6; proline - 90.1; leucine + isoleucine - 92.4; phenylalanine - 88.5; lysine - 93.4; tryptophan - 90.2. These values are higher than similar digestibility values in the control group and when fish meal was used. True ileal digestibility of crude protein in fish meal was 89.0%, and amino acids - lysine, threonine, leucine, histidine and other essential amino acids were at a high level for high-protein supplements and ranged from 81.6 to 90.7%.
Conclusion. Thus, studies on the main indices of digestibility of a new alimentary factor as flour from meal from black soldier fly showed high protein content and availability of amino acids. The structure of protein corresponds to animal protein, which allows us to consider Hermetia illucens as a potential source of a complete nutritional factor for pigs.
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Tschirner, M., & Simon, A. (2015). Influence of different growing substrates and processing on the nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae destined for animal feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2014.0008
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Van Huis, A. (2013). Potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security. Annual Review of Entomology, 58, 563–583. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153704
Veldkamp, T., & Bosch, G. (2015). Insects: a protein rich feed ingredient in pig and poultry diet. Animal Frontiers, 5(2), 45–50.
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