Diagnostics of cervical dysplasia as the main aspect of early detection of cervical cancer

Abstract

Background. In Russia, there is a negative trend of increasing incidence of cervical cancer. The main etiologic factor is considered to be the human papillomavirus, especially oncogenic strains. However, the presence of additional risk factors in patients allows us to judge the polyethiologic nature of the disease.

Purpose. Evaluation of the parity of etiologic risk factors in relation to the degree of cervical neoplasia and the possibility of preventing cervical cancer.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the case histories of 100 patients aged 19 to 76 years with a diagnosis of cervical dysplasia, who sought treatment in Simferopol clinics in 2023-2024, was conducted. The results of cervical biopsy, extended colposcopy, cytological and histological studies, and PCR diagnostics of human papillomavirus were evaluated. Differences according to the Student's criterion t> 2.0 at p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results. The prevalence of severe cervical dysplasia (56% of patients) over CIN-I (29%) CIN-II (15%) was revealed. There were more women under 40 in both categories (59.1%) than middle-aged women (40.9%). In the group of patients with a severe form of the disease, there were 17 carriers (30.3%) of HPV, and these women were under 40 years of age. Among women under 40, 10 patients had children (17.8%). Severe dysplasia was found in four patients (40%). Among older patients, 12 out of 44 had children, with the following distribution: 5 (41.6%) with CIN I, 3 (25%) with CIN II, and 4 (33.3%) with severe dysplasia.

Conclusion. The presence of human papillomavirus is significant in the progression of dysplasia among young patients, while among patients over 40, the main factor in the progression can be considered unrealized reproductive potential.

EDN: WIIGRL