Changes in virulence and aggressiveness of Puccinia hordei and Pyrenophora teres populations induced by triazole and strobilurin class fungicides
Abstract
Background. Loss of sensitivity of pathogens to fungicides leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of traditional means of protection, which negatively affects the yield and quality of agricultural products.
The purpose of the study was to analyze virulence and aggressiveness of Puccinia hordei and Pyrenophora teres populations under the influence of two-component fungicide Baliy, CME (180 g/l propiconazole + 120 g/l azoxystrobin).
Materials and methods. The engraftment of phytopathogens, isolation into pure culture and creation of artificial infectious backgrounds were carried out according to existing methods. Several fungicide application rates were used in the experiment: 50%, 100%, 150% and 200%. The application rate of the preparation recommended by the manufacturers (0.6 l/ha) was taken as 100%.
Results. For the population of the obligate pathogen P. hordei, an increase in latency period (from 168 h for the initial population without treatment to 192 h in the application rate of 200% of the recommended rate), a decrease in sporulation ability (from 0.013 mg of spores per pustule in the initial population to 0,002 mg in the application rate of 200%), and viability (from 100% in the initial population to 24,2% in the application rate of 200% of the recommended rate) were found. With respect to hemibiotrophic fungus P. teres, a decrease in the duration of latent period (from 149 h in the original population to 101 h when treated with fungicide application rate of 50 % of the recommended), incubation period (from 101 h in the original population to 77 h in the application rate of 150% of the recommended), sporulating ability (from 5,8 *103 conidia in 1 ml of suspension in the original population to 2,3 *103 conidia in the application rate of 200%) was observed. No effect of fungicide treatment at different application rates on P. teres colony growth was detected. The average virulence of both populations decreased compared to the initial untreated population (from 97,1 % to 37,0 %), which was taken as 100%.
Conclusion. A decrease in aggressiveness and virulence of P. hordei and P. teres under the influence of Baliy fungicide was found, indicating that the pathogens are sensitive to the fungicide. Permanent monitoring of the dynamics of intrapopulation structure is necessary to prevent the possible risk of resistance of populations.
EDN: RWIILZ
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References
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Danilova, A. V., & Volkova, G. V. (2022). Virulence of barley leaf rust in the South of Russia in 2017–2019. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 20(1), 1001. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022201-18337. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/WIJUQZ
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FRAC. (2020). List of first confirmed cases of plant pathogenic organisms resistant to disease control agents. Brussels: CropLife International.
Yin, Y., Miao, J., Shao, W. et al. (2023). Fungicide resistance: progress in understanding mechanism, monitoring, and management. Phytopathology, 113(4), 707–718. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-22-0370-KD. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/NSVMRF
Cook, N. M., Chng, S., Woodman, T. L. et al. (2021). High frequency of fungicide resistance associated mutations in the wheat yellow rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Pest Management Science, 77(7), 3358–3371. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6380. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/CURFLE
Duplessis, S., Lorrain, C., Petre, B. et al. (2021). Host adaptation and virulence in heteroecious rust fungi. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 59(1), 403–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-121149. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/XYPCEI
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Marzani, Q. A., Swarbrick, P., & Rossall, S. (2013). Correlation of the F129L mutation in Pyrenophora teres, the pathogen of net blotch of barley, with the efficacy of QoI fungicides. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 3(4), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-0346672
Amouzoune, M., Amri, A., Benkirane, R. et al. (2022). Mining and predictive characterization of resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia hordei Otth.) using two subsets of barley genetic resources. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01268-4. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ITUWVG
Nei, M. (1972). Genetic distance between populations. The American Naturalist, 106(949), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1086/282771
Tomić, A., Trkulja, V., Matić, S. et al. (2024). Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres Drechsler): an increasingly significant threat to barley production. Plant Protection Science, 60(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.17221/122/2023-PPS. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/UGGCVL
Oliver, R. P. (2014). A reassessment of the risk of rust fungi developing resistance to fungicides. Pest Management Science, 70(11), 1641–1645. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3767
Peever, T. L., & Milgroom, M. G. (1993). Genetic correlations in resistance to sterol biosynthesis inhibiting fungicides in Pyrenophora teres. Phytopathology, 83(10), 1076–1082. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-83-1076
Backes, A., Guerriero, G., Ait Barka, E., & Jacquard, C. (2021). Pyrenophora teres: taxonomy, morphology, interaction with barley, and mode of control. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 614951. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.614951. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/COFHFY
Ransom, J. K., & McMullen, M. V. (2008). Yield and disease control on hard winter wheat cultivars with foliar fungicides. Agronomy Journal, 100(4), 1130–1137. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2007.0397
Russell, P. E. (1995). Fungicide resistance: occurrence and management. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 124(3), 317–323. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600073275
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