Evaluation of morpho-physiological traits of Olea europaea L. associated with the drought-resistance
Abstract
Background. Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the main fruit crops in the world. According to IOC (International olive council) the world olive cultivation is estimated at 10.9 million hectares, most of which is located in the zone of insufficient water supply. The development of new high-yielding varieties tolerant to drought is one of the most effective strategies to increase olive yields. However, breeding for drought tolerance is complicated by the lack of rapid, reproducible screening methods due to the involvement of a number of physiological and morphological traits in the response.
Purpose. Determine the morphological and physiological characteristics associated with drought resistance of olives and suitable for mass analysis of breeding material.
Materials and methods. The experiments were performed in 2022-2024 on 60-year-old trees planted 5x5 m apart, with a planting density of 400 trees per ha and southern exposure of the slope. 14 olive genotypes different by origins were selected. Structural and physiological investigation, as well as statistical analysis, was conducted according to the generally accepted method.
Results. Leaf morphological traits were studied to reduce water loss in 14 European olive genotypes. Leaf measurements included the following leaf characteristics: density of stomata and trichomes, leaf length, width and area, leaf mass per unit area, leaf tissue density, etc., as well as physiological parameters: leaf water-holding capacity, cuticular transpiration rate and relative electrolyte yield observed during cell membrane damage. The highest correlation coefficients for the relative electrolyte yield were noted with the stomatal slit area (r=0.89) and the trichome area index (r=-0.85). According to the Chaddock correlation scale, such coefficients indicate a high dependence between these parameters.
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References
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