Innate immunity components in the blood serum of Arbor Acres broiler chickens: Links with the gut microbiome composition and associations with zootechnical productivity indicators
Abstract
Background. Evaluation of blood serum bactericidal indices is a traditional approach to assessing the innate immune defense of farm animals and poultry.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the links between the serum innate immunity components and the gut microbiome composition in Arbor Acres broiler chickens, as well as to search for associations between these immunological and microbiological parameters and the poultry farming efficiency.
Materials and methods. The analysis included 28 broilers chicken’s groups fed a basal diet and also receiving various feed additives (probiotic, antibiotic, plant-derived compounds or their compositions). Individual chicken blood samples were collected and assessed for serum bactericidal activity (SBA) against Escherichia coli, serum lysozyme activity (SLA) in the Micrococcus luteus var. lysodeikticus lysis assay, and platelet cationic protein – PCP (also known as beta-lysin) in the Bacillus subtilis inhibition test. Chicken gut microbiomes were studied by high-throughput sequencing using the MiSeq platform (Illumina Inc., USA). Intergroup differences in poultry farming efficiency were assessed using zootechnical lot indicators.
Results. An opposite distribution was shown between SBA and SLA levels as indicators of a sufficient innate immune response, in contrast to PCP (beta-lysine) activity, which marks depletion of anti-infective defense mechanisms. Lists of the gut microbiome bacterial taxa that are significant for the innate immunity development have been identified, including 20 genera that ensure its normal state and 17 genera that involved in the defense “breakdown”, accompanied by platelet degranulation. It was found that elevated serum PCP levels were associated with increased feed intake per kg biomass gain, as several PCP-inducing bacteria in the gut microbiome not only negatively affected the feed conversion ratio but also reduced the achieved broiler chickens weight.
Conclusion. The study results showed the (SBA+LSA)/PCP balance in the blood serum of broiler chickens is an informative biomarker dependent on the gut microbiome composition and suitable for monitoring of feed efficiency in poultry farming.
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References
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Copyright (c) 2026 Dmitry G. Deryabin, Ludmila V. Vlasenko, Ilshat F. Karimov, Galimzhan K. Duskaev
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