Pathogenetic aspects of comorbidity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (scientific review)
Abstract
Background. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder that occurs during sleep and it’s caused by obstruction of the upper respiratory ways. OSA affects all age groups of the population. Signs of OSA include the episodes of respiratory arrest, decreased respiratory flow while maintaining respiratory efforts.
Purpose – to study the available literary sources in Russian and English describing OSA and concomitant pathology and to review the mechanisms of OSA comorbidity.
Materials and methods. A review of domestic and foreign scientific publications over the past 10 years has been conducted. The search was carried out using Pubmed and RSCI biomedical research databases.
Results. OSA occurs during sleep and caused by temporary obstruction of the upper respiratory tract. Recurrent periods of hypoxia, having a damaging effect on many body systems play a very important role. The pathogenesis of OSA is complicated and characterized by many vicious circles and a high degree of comorbidity. This article describes the combined course of OSA and metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, cognitive disorders, pathology of the heart and vascular tone, pathology of ENT organs, hormonal disorders, disorders of the intestinal microbiome.
OSA has a very complicated relationship with intercurrent pathology. Understanding these relationships is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment of patients with OSA and conditions associated with it. In the presence of OSA and concomitant pathology, vicious circles often form that aggravate each other.
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References
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Peat, J. K., Woolcock, A. J., Cullen, K. (1987). Rate of decline of lung function in subjects with asthma. Eur J Respir, 70(3), 171–179.
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Yeghiazarians, Y., Jneid, H., Tietjens, J. R., Redline, S., Brown, D. L., El Sherif, N., Mehra, R., Bozkurt, B., Ndumele, C. E., Somers, V. K. (2021). Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 144(3), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000988. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MSKFKK
Yuan, F., Zhang, S., Liu, X., Liu, Y. (2021). Correlation between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and hypertension: A systematic review and meta analysis. Ann Palliat Med, 10(12), 12251–12261. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-21-3302. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/IIRLBV
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