BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOFUNGICIDE METABACTERIN, WP IN THE PROTECTION OF GLYCINE HISPIDA MAXIM., AND PISUM SATIVUM L. FROM ASCOCHITOSIS AND SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L. FROM LATE BLIGHT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALTAI OB REGION
Abstract
Continuous application of chemical crop protection products resulted in an agrocenosis imbalance. The number of pathogenic organisms does not decrease. Thus, one needs to search for newer and more effective active ingredients. New disease-resistant varieties quickly lose their resistance due to the high mutation activity of pathogenic organisms. In agriculture, the following fungal diseases are predominant: (1) Septoria blight, (2) Alternaria blight, (3) powdery mildew, (4) late blight, (5) rust, and others. Introducing biofungicides into plant protection systems can help reduce fungal infections in crops. For the first time in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Ob region, the prospects of using the biofungicide Metabacterin, WP on soybean, pea, and potato crops are shown. The active ingredient in the product is a strain of the bacteria Methylobacterium extorquens Bousfieldand Green (1985), Streptomyces hygroscopicus Yüntsenetal. (19560, Bacillus subtilis Cohn (1872) and Validomycin. The paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the biofungicide Metabacterin, WP against Ascochyta blight on soybeans and peas, and late blight on potatoes in the forest-steppe of the Ob region of Altai. We evaluated the spreading, development, and biological effectiveness of the tested product and chemical fungicides according to the registration tests of fungicides in agriculture. We tested the product in an area of sufficient moisture. Weather conditions favored the growth and development of plants and the development of pathogens (particularly Ascochyta blight on legume crops and late blight on potatoes). Before the symptom expression of diseases, preventive spraying had greater biological effectiveness on peas and potatoes than treatment on soybeans (where the spraying of crops coincided with the appearance of the first symptoms of diseases). There is a high prevalence of Ascochyta blight (89.3%–90.7%). However, the intensity of development in the variants with biofungicide treatment was 10% lower than in the control variant. The potatoes showed high biological effectiveness of the product Metabacterin, WP, relative to the variant without protective treatment, and 5% higher than the variant with the use of chemical fungicides. The biofungicide Metabacterin, WP on potatoes, and peas had a long-lasting effect up to the ripening of the crop.
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