SENSITIVITY BASELINE AND ORCHARD POPULATIONS OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS TO THE SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE INHIBITOR FUNGICIDES (SDHI)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2024-16-1-707
Keywords: sensitivity, Venturia inaequalis, baseline population, EC50, resistance factor

Abstract

Background. Scab plays the leading role in terms of significance and harmfulness among apple-spotted spots. The use of fungicides with a highly specific mechanism of action against the pathogen can lead to the development of resistance in the pathogen.

Purpose. To assess the sensitivity of monospore isolates of Venturia inaequalis from a population with different histories of interaction with fungicides to the active substances of the SDHI chemical class boscalid and fluxapiroxad in vitro.

Materials and methods. The in vitro sensitivity of isolates was assessed by mycelial growth at various concentrations of boscalid and fluxapiroxad and expressed as an effective 50% concentration (EC50).

Results. Boscalid EC50 values for all populations ranged from 0.04 to <300 mg a.i./l, and the average value was 16.27 mg a.i./l. The resistance factor (RF) for boscalid in various garden populations varied from 2 to 8, and the proportion of resistant isolates was not high. The population mean EC50 of fluxapiroxade was 0.259 mg a.i./l. The RF for fluxapiroxad did not exceed 4, and for two garden populations it was only 2, which indicates a slight shift in sensitivity in these populations relative to the "initial".

Conclusion. For the first time in the world, the EC50 value of the boscalid was obtained for the initial population. The activity of fluxapiroxad against the pathogen was higher than that of boscalid. For all orchards populations, a decrease in sensitivity to the investigated fungicides was shown in comparison with the original population. It is assumed that a relatively low shift in sensitivity to carboxamides for the studied populations is due to the use of these DIs in the region in the form of mixed preparations with fungicides that have a different mechanism of action.

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Author Biographies

Andrei I. Nasonov, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making»

Cand. Biol. Sci., Head of Biotechnological Control of Phytopathogens and Phytophages Laboratory

Galina V. Yakuba, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making»

Cand. Biol. Sci., Senior Research Associate of Biotechnological Control of Phytopathogens and Phytophages Laboratory

Irina L. Astapchuk, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making»

Cand. Biol. Sci., Research Associate of Biotechnological Control of Phytopathogens and Phytophages Laboratory

Nikita A. Marchenko, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making»

Junior Research Associate of Biotechnological Control of Phytopathogens and Phytophages Laboratory

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Avenot H., Sellam A., Michailides T. 2009. Characterization of mutations in the membrane-anchored subunits AaSDHC and AaSDHD of succinate dehydrogenase from Alternaria alternata isolates conferring field resistance to the fungicide boscalid. Plant Pathol., 2009, vol. 58, pp. 1134-1143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02154.x

Ayer K., Villani S. M., Choi M. W., Cox K. Characterization of the VisdhC and VisdhD genes in Venturia inaequalis and sensitivity to fluxapyroxad, pydiflumetofen, inpyrfluxam and benzovindiflupyr. Plant Dis., 2019, vol. 103, pp. 1092-1100. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-18-1225-RE

Ayer K. M., Choi M. W., Smart S. T., Moffett A. E., Cox K. D. The Effects of Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Fungicide Dose and Mixture on Development of Resistance in Venturia inaequalis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2020, vol. 86(17), p. e01196-20. https://aem.asm.org/content/aem/86/17/e01196-20.full.pdf

Chatzidimopoulos M., Zambounis A., Lioliopoulou F., Vellios E. Detection of Venturia inaequalis Isolates with Multiple Resistance in Greece. Microorganisms, 2022, vol. 10, no. 12, 2354. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122354

Fernández-Ortuño D., Pérez-García A., Chamorro M., de la Peña E., de Vicente A., Torés J. A. Resistance to the SDHI Fungicides Boscalid, Fluopyram, Fluxapyroxad and Penthiopyrad in Botrytis cinerea from Commercial Strawberry Fields in Spain. Plant Dis., 2017, vol. 101, pp. 1306-1313. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-17-0067-RE

Fiaccadori R., Battistini G. Biological Methodologies on SDHI Fungicides to Assess Reductions of Sensitivity and Activity on Venturia inaequalis and Cross-Resistance Tests. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2021, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1124-1134. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2021.127078

Finney D.J. Probit analysis. Cambridge: UK, 1971, 383 p.

FRAC. 2022. FRAC Code List 2022: Fungal control agents sorted by cross-resistance pattern and mode of action (including coding for FRAC Groups on product labels). Accessed March 2022. https://www.frac.info/docs/default-source/publications/frac-code-list/frac-code-list-2022--final.pdf?sfvrsn=b6024e9a_2

Frederick Z. A., Villani S. M., Cooley D. R., Biggs A. R., Raes J. J., Cox K. D. Prevalence and stability of qualitative QoI resistance in populations of Venturia inaequalis in the Northeastern United States. Plant Dis., 2014, vol. 98, pp. 1122-1130. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-13-1042-RE

Köller W., Wilcox W. F., Barnard J., Jones A. L., Braun P. G. Detection and Quantification of Resistance of Venturia inaequalis Populations to Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors. Phytopathology, 1997, vol. 87, pp. 184-190. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.2.184

Statistics Kingdom - statistics online calculators. https://www.statskingdom.com/index.html

Thomas A., Langston D. B., Stevenson K. L. Baseline sensitivity and cross- resistance to succinate-dehydrogenase-inhibiting and demethylation-inhibiting fungicides in Didymella bryoniae. Plant Dis., 2012, vol. 96, pp. 979-984. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-11-0744-RE

Toffolatti S. L., Venturini G., Bianco P. A. First report of SDHI resistant strains of Venturia inaequalis from commercial orchards in Northern Italy. Plant Disease, 2016, vol. 100, no. 11, 2324. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-16-0361-PDN

Villani S. M., Ayer K., Cox K. D. Molecular characterization of the sdhB gene and baseline sensitivity to penthiopyrad, fluopyram, and benzovindiflupyr in Venturia inaequalis. Plant Disease, 2016, vol. 100(8), pp. 1709-1716. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-15-1512-RE

Villani S. M., Cox K. D. Heteroplasmy of the cytochrome b gene in Venturia inaequalis and its involvement in quantitative and practical resistance to Trifloxystrobin. Phytopathology, 2014, vol. 104, pp. 945-953. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-13-0158-R

Xiong L., Shen Y.-Q., Jiang L.-N., Zhu X.-L., Yang W.-C., Huang W., Yang G.-F. Succinate Dehydrogenase: An ideal target for fungicide discovery. Discovery and Synthesis of Crop Protection Products. American Chemical Society. 2015, pp. 175-194

Yakuba G.V., Astapchuk I.L., Mazyrin E.S., Nasonov A.I., Milovanov A.V. The first report on the mycoparasite Trichothecium roseum (Pers. 1809) on Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter in Russia. Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture, 2022, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 11-23. https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-3-11-23

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Published
2024-02-29
How to Cite
Nasonov, A., Yakuba, G., Astapchuk, I., & Marchenko, N. (2024). SENSITIVITY BASELINE AND ORCHARD POPULATIONS OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS TO THE SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE INHIBITOR FUNGICIDES (SDHI). Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture, 16(1), 189-210. https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2024-16-1-707
Issue
Vol 16 No 1 (2024)
Section
Agricultural Sciences

Copyright (c) 2024 Andrei I. Nasonov, Galina V. Yakuba, Irina L. Astapchuk, Nikita A. Marchenko

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