IMPACT OF TECHNOGENIC AIR POLLUTION FACTORS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES

  • Lyudmila V. Veremchuk Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6372-6560
  • Tatyana I. Vitkina Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-9011
  • Elena V. Kondratyeva Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-9873
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2024-16-2-723
Keywords: suspended solid particles, heavy metals of atmospheric air, bronchopulmonary pathology, immune system

Abstract

Background. Suspended solid particles (SSPs) of atmospheric air contribute to the development and progression of respiratory diseases. One of the adaptive mechanisms, allowing for adjustment under the impact of pathogenic factors of the environment is the immune system.

Purpose. The objective of the present research is to reveal triggering micro-toxicants of the surface layer of the atmospheric air in Vladivostok city on the immune system of population with bronchopulmonary pathology.

Materials and methods. Overall 360 patients (105 healthy humans, 130 patients with bronchial asthma (BA), and 125 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were included in the study. Percentage content of SSP fractions and absorbed heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) were assessed in the surface layer of atmospheric air. Integral immune system response indices (Dp%, Din%, ∑Nр) were determined using the Multiple Correlation module.

Results. The maximum integral response (Din%=1.74) was observed in the group of patients with COPD at minimal total immune responses (∑Nр=28), in the group with AD, Din% was 1.54 (∑Nр=31). The lowest immune response was revealed in healthy individuals (Din%=1.22) at the maximum total activity of immune responses (∑Np=32).

Conclusion. The microtoxicants of the surface layer of the atmospheric air in Vladivostok city have a negative effect on the immune system of all the studied population cohorts. A more pronounced immune response was observed in individuals with bronchopulmonary pathology. The analysis highlighted the trigger factors (fractions of 0-1 and 50-100 microns, as well as presence of Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Co) of the atmospheric air of Vladivostok city, as well as the ranges of their impacts on the immune system of healthy population and individuals with bronchopulmonary pathology, which allows predicting the severity of environmental bronchopulmonary pathology and initiate preventive measures.

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Author Biographies

Lyudmila V. Veremchuk, Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment

PhD, DSc, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Medical Ecology and Recreational Resources

Tatyana I. Vitkina, Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment

PhD, DSc, Professor RAS, Head of Laboratory of Medical Ecology and Recreational Resources

Elena V. Kondratyeva, Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment

PhD, Senior Researcher of Laboratory of Biomedical Research

References

References

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Bai L., Wang J., Ma X., Lu H. Air Pollution Forecasts: An Overview // Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2018, vol. 15, no. 4, 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040780

Bala G.P., Rajnoveanu R.M., Tudorache E., Motișan R., Oancea C. Air pollution exposure-the (in)visible risk factor for respiratory diseases // Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021, vol. 28, no. 16, pp. 19615-19628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13208-x

Barskova L.S., Vitkina T.I., Gvozdenko T.A., Kondratyeva E.V., Veremchuk L.V. Mechanism of Response of Alveolar Macrophages in Wistar Rats to the Composition of Atmospheric Suspensions // Atmosphere, 2022; vol.13, no. 9, 1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091500

Barskova L.S., Vitkina T.I., Gvozdenko T.A., Veremchuk L.V., Golokhvast K.S. Assessment of air pollution by small-sized suspended particulate matter in urbanized territories with various technogenic load (on the example of Vladivostok, Russia) // Russian Open Medical Journal, 2019, vol. 8, no. 3, 304. https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2019.0304

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Dunn R.M., Busse P.J., Wechsler M.E. Asthma in the elderly and late-onset adult asthma // Allergy, 2018, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 284-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13258

Forman H.J., Finch C.E. A critical review of assays for hazardous components of air pollution // Free Radic Biol Med, 2018, vol. 117, pp. 202-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.030

Glencross D.A., Ho T.R., Camina N., Hawrylowicz C.M., Pfeffer P.E. Air pollution and its effects on the immune system // Free Radic Biol Med, 2020, no. 151, pp. 56-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.179

Honda A., Fukushima W., Oishi M., Tsuji K., Sawahara T., Hayashi T., Kudo H., Kashima Y., Takahashi K., Sasaki H., Ueda K., Takano H. Effects of Components of PM2.5 Collected in Japan on the Respiratory and Immune Systems // Int J Toxicol, 2017, vol. 36, no. 2, pp.153-164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581816682224

Jacquet A. Characterization of Innate Immune Responses to House Dust Mite Allergens: Pitfalls and Limitations // Front Allergy, 2021, no. 2, 662378. https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2021.662378

Manisalidis I., Stavropoulou E., Stavropoulos A., Bezirtzoglou E. Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review // Front Public Health, 2020, vol. 8, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014

Nanda A., Baptist A.P., Divekar R., Parikh N., Seggev J.S., Yusin J.S., Nyenhuis S.M. Asthma in the older adult // J Asthma, 2020, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2019.1565828

Shaw O.M., Sawyer G.M., Hurst R.D., Dinnan H., Martell S. Different immune and functional effects of urban dust and diesel particulate matter inhalation in a mouse model of acute air pollution exposure // Immunol Cell Biol, 2021, vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 419-427. https://doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12425

Veremchuk L. V., Vitkina T. I., Barskova L. S, Gvozdenko T. A., Mineeva E.E. Estimation of the size distribution of suspended particulate matters in the urban atmospheric surface layer and its influence on bronchopulmonary pathology // Atmosphere, 2021, vol. 12, no. 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081010

Veremchuk, L.V.; Mineeva, E.E.; Vitkina, T.I.; Gvozdenko, T.A.; Golokhvast, K.S. Impact of atmospheric microparticles and heavymetals on external respiration function of urbanized territory population // Russian Open Medical Journal, 2017, vol. 6, no. 4, 402. https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2017.0402

Veremchuk, L.V.; Yankova, V.I.; Vitkina, T.I.; Nazarenko, A.V.; Golokhvast, K.S. Urban air pollution, climate and its impact on asthma morbidity // Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed, 2016, vol. 6, no.1, pp. 76–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.10.001

Wang Q., Liu S. The Effects and Pathogenesis of PM2.5 and Its Components on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease // Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2023, vol. 6, no. 18, pp. 493-506. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S402122

WHO. Air pollution. 2018. https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution#tab=tab_1

Zhang Y. Toxic effects of heavy metals on the immune system: evidence from population and in vitro studies. (2021). University of Groningen. https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.169979297

Zuo L., Wijegunawardana D. Redox Role of ROS and Inflammation in Pulmonary Diseases // Adv Exp Med Biol, 2021, vol. 1304, pp. 187-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_11

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Published
2024-04-30
How to Cite
Veremchuk, L., Vitkina, T., & Kondratyeva, E. (2024). IMPACT OF TECHNOGENIC AIR POLLUTION FACTORS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture, 16(2), 182-197. https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2024-16-2-723
Issue
Vol 16 No 2 (2024)
Section
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Copyright (c) 2024 Lyudmila V. Veremchuk, Tatyana I. Vitkina, Elena V. Kondratyeva

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