CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS Y-RADIATION IN THE CELLS OF THE ROOT MERISTEM OF ALLIUM CEPA
Abstract
Background. Environmental contamination with radioactive materials of geogenic and anthropogenic origin is a global problem. A variety of mutagenicity test procedures has been developed which enable the detection of DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. In the present study, we investigated the Allium test (the widely used plant-based genotoxicity bioassay) for the detection of genetic damage caused y-radiation. Received data indicate that this method is can be used for environmental biomonitoring. Aim of the present study was the investigation of y-radiation of the Allium test assay.
Materials and methods. The bulbs of the Stuttgarter Riesen onion (Allium cepa L., 2n = 16) were kept in a cool dark place (+4–5 °C). For each sample and control were taken 3 bulbs. Distilled water was used as a control. Y - irradiation of the bulbs was carried out with the Eu152 for 3 days in doses of 0.3, 1 and 3 Gy. After 3 days, the roots were cut and fixed in Clark’s and to be placed in sealable test-tubes for long-time storing in 80% ethanol. The roots were simultaneously hydrolyzed and colored in ceramic crucibles in acetoorcein solution were boiled in the flame of an alcohol lamp. The slides prepared from squashing the root meristems with one drop of 45% acetic acid. The number of dividing cells was determined in 1000 examined cells in the field of view, with phase and chromosome aberration.
Results. The appearance of giant cells, C-mitoses, nuclear buds, fragments, lagging and bridges, disturbances in the work of the fission spindle and micronuclei in irradiation at doses of 3 and 1 Gy were noted.
Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was shown that y - irradiation of the onion test object (Allium cepa L.) with doses of 3, 1 and 0.3 Gy led to the appearance of cytogenetic disorders, the proportion of which significantly differed from the control.
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Список литературы
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Ennaceur S. Genotoxicity assessment of drinking water from different sources using the Allium cepa test procedure. Fresenius environmental bulletin, 2018, vol. 27(12B), pp. 9972-9978.
Fesenko S.V., Alexakhin R.M., Geras'kin S.A., Sanzharova N.I., Spirin Y.V., Spiridonov S.I., Gontarenko I.A., Strand P. Comparative radiation impact on biota and man in the area affected by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. J. Environ. Radioact, 2005, vol. 80, 1e25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.08.011
Fiskesjo G. The Allium test as a standard for environmental monitoring. Hereditas, 1985, vol. 102, pp. 99-112.
Fiskesjo G. The Allium test—an alternative in environmental studies: the relative toxicity of metal ions. Mutat. Res. Fund. Mol. M, 1988, vol. 197, pp. 243-260.
Hamlin H.J., Guillette L.J.Jr. Birth defects in wildlife: the role of environmental contaminants as inducers of reproductive and developmental dysfunction. Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med, 2010, vol. 56, pp. 113-121. https://doi.org/10.3109/19396360903244598
Kursheed S., Raina A., Amin Laskar R., Khan S. Effect of gamma radiation and EMS on mutation rate, their effectiveness and efficiency in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Caryologia, 2018, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 397-404. https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2018.1485430
Misík M., Krupitza G., Misíkova K., Micieta K., Nersesyan A., Kundi M., Knasmueller S. The Tradescantia micronucleus assay is a highly sensitive tool for the detection of low levels of radioactivity in environmental samples. Environmental Pollution, 2016, vol. 219, pp. 1044-1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.004
Mushtaq W., Ain Q., Siddiqui M.B., Hakeem K.R. Cytotoxic allelochemicals induce ultrastructural modifications in Cassia tora L. and mitotic changes in Allium cepa L.: a weed versus weed allelopathy approach. Protoplasma, 2019, vol. 256, pp. 857-871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-018-01343-1
Palmieri M.J., Andrade-Vieira L.F., Cardoso T.M. V., De Faria E.M.W., Luber J., Davide L.C., Marcussi S. Cytogenotoxic effects of spent pot liner (spl) and its main components on human leukocytes and meristematic cells of Allium cepa. 2016, Water Air Soil Pollut, vol. 227, no. 156, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2809-z
Richardson D.B., Cardis E., Daniels R.D., Gillies M., O'Hagan J.A., Hamra G.B., Haylock R., Laurier D., Leuraud K., Moissonnier M., Schubauer-Berigan M. K., Thierry-Chef I., Kesminiene A. Risk of cancer from occupational exposure to ionising radiation: retrospective cohort study of workers in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States (INWORKS). BMJ, 2015, vol. 351, P. h5359. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h5359
Sartaj A. B., Guangyu C., Fusheng L., Adarsh P. V. Biomonitoring of genotoxicity of industrial wastes using plant bioassays. Bioresource Technology Reports, 2012, vol. 6, pp. 207-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.003
Spycher B.D., Lupatsch J.E., Zwahlen M., Roosli M., Niggli F., Grotzer M.A., Rischewski J., Egger M., Kuehni C.E. Background ionizing radiation and the risk of childhood cancer: a census-based nationwide cohort study. Environ. Health Perspect, 2015, vol. 123, 622e628. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408548
Sudhakar R., Ninge Gowda K.N., Venu G. Mitotic abnormalities induced by silk dyeing industry effluents in the cells of Allium cepa. Cytologia, 2001, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 235-239. https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.66.235
WHO. World Health Organization monographs on selected medicinal plants. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999, vol. 1, 193 p.
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